Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 7 Articles
type-2 diabetes mellitus.\r\nResearch Design and Method: Modern metabolic profiling technology (MxPTM Broad Profiling) was applied to find early\r\nalterations in the plasma metabolome of type-2 diabetic patients. The results were validated in an independent study.\r\nEicosanoid and single inon monitoring analysis (MxPTM Eicosanoid and MxPTM SIM analysis) were performed in subsets of\r\nsamples.\r\nResults: A metabolic signature including significantly increased levels of glyoxylate as a potential novel marker for early\r\ndetection of type-2 diabetes mellitus was identified in an initial study (Study1). The signature was significantly altered in\r\nfasted diabetic and pre-diabetic subjects and in non-fasted subjects up to three years prior to the diagnosis of type-2\r\ndiabetes; most alterations were also consistently found in an independent patient group (Study 2). In Study 2 diabetic and\r\nmost control subjects suffered from heart failure. In Study 1 a subgroup of diabetic subjects, with a history of use of antihypertensive\r\nmedication further showed a more pronounced increase of glyoxylate levels, compared to a non-diabetic\r\ncontrol group when tested in a hyperglycemic state. In the context of a prior history of anti-hypertensive medication,\r\nalterations in hexosamine and eicosanoid levels were also found.\r\nConclusion: A metabolic signature including glyoxylate was associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus, independent of the\r\nfasting status and of occurrence of another major disease. The same signature was also found to be associated with prediabetic\r\nsubjects. Glyoxylate levels further showed a specifically strong increase in a subgroup of diabetic subjects. It could\r\nrepresent a new marker for the detection of medical subgroups of diabetic subjects....
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive lung disease resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke,\r\nnoxious gases, particulate matter, and air pollutants. COPD is exacerbated by acute inflammatory insults such as lung infections\r\n(viral and bacterial) and air pollutants which further accelerate the steady decline in lung function. The chronic inflammatory\r\nprocess in the lung contributes to the extrapulmonary manifestations of COPD which are predominantly cardiovascular in nature.\r\nHere we review the significant burden of cardiovascular disease in COPD and discuss the clinical and pathological links between\r\nacute exacerbations of COPD and cardiovascular disease....
Antiulcer activity of Paliperidone was studied in rats in which gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of ethanol or by pyloric ligation. The antiemetic activity was studied by chick emesis model. The antiulcer and antiemetic activities were assessed by determining and comparing the ulcer index in rats and number of retches in chicks in the test drug group with that of the control group. Ranitidine, Sucralfate, Domperidone were used as a reference drug. The ulcer index in the Paliperidone treated animals was found to be significantly less in all the models compared to vehicle control animals. Similarly the number of retches in the Paliperidone treated animals was found to be significantly less in chick emesis model compared to vehicle control animals This antiulcer property was more prominent in animals in whom ulcers were induced by ethanol and pyloric ligation. The anti-ulcer and antiemetic activities of Paliperidone were however, less than that of standard. Our results suggest that Paliperidone possesses significant antiulcer property as well as antiemetic property....
The present study aimed to evaluate antiviral and anticancer potentials of some Egyptian snake, scorpion venoms and L-amino acid Oxidase as well. Regarding venoms cytotoxicity and physiological changes to cancer and lab animals respectively data revealed that all test venoms have a prominent cytotoxic effect to CACO-2 and MCF -7 cell lines compared to normal cell control (MRC-5). Cytotoxic effect of test venoms to cancer cells extremely exceeds that to normal cells, as the difference reach up to 80 fold in case of LAO enzyme and up to 63 fold in case of Leiurus scorpion venom. Apoptotic gene regulation was assessed using semi quantitative RT-PCR. Results revealed that there was a marked up regulation for pro-apoptotic genes (P53 & BAX) post treatment with Cerastes cerastes, Naja haja, Leiurus venoms and LAO enzyme. Also down regulatory effect for anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) was recorded post cellular treatment with Cerastes cerastes, Leiurus venom and LAO enzyme. A marked physiological changes were detected post treatment of induced mass and ascetic fluid using different test venoms especially for Cerastes cerastes and Naja nigricollis venoms where a marked leucopenia in addition to lympho and monocytosis as well as changes in liver enzymes post venom treatment accompanied with marked decrease in size of tumor mass, ascetic fluid volume, EAC count in ascetic fluid and differences in body weight approaching to the normal values. Antiviral activity evaluation recorded a marked reduction in HSV-II titer by 30% in Vero treated cells by different snake venoms and 40% for Leiurus venom while treatment of cells with LAO enzyme reduced the virus titer by 15%. Regarding VSV antiviral activity of test venoms, data indicated a reduction in the virus titer by 10% in case of LAO, 30% in case of Naja nigricollis treatment and 15% reduction in other test venoms. Both snake and scorpion venoms even LAO enzyme tend to record a more viricidal potentials compared with antiviral one. VSV was completely inactivated within 6hr post treatment by all test venoms as well LAO enzyme while reduction rate of VSV was 75% reduction post treatment with Cerastes cerastes venom. HSV-II depleted titer was 50% for Cerastes cerastes, Naja nigricollis and 65% for other test venoms 6 hr post treatment....
Application of Organophosphate Pesticides may result common occurrence of OP residues in food crops, natural water systems, soil and atmosphere, which will be the major sources of exposure. OP compounds induce immune system damage. The study was conducted on 90 broiler chicks divided into six groups each containing 15 birds to assess the hemato-biochemical, immunological and growth effects of Acephate induced toxicity and its amelioration with vitamin E for a period of 42 days and birds were slaughtered at 2nd, 4th and 6th week. The commercial product of Acephate was incorporated @ 85.2 mg/Kg and 170.4 mg/kg of feed and vitamin E was incorporated into diet @ 300 mg/kg feed.\r\nHaematological parameters like TEC, MCV, MCH and MCHC did not alter but TLC was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in toxic groups. Serum biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, Creatinine, BUN and A/G ratio were found increased and recorded decreased in level of serum total protein, albumin and globulin but did not alter serum cholesterol levels. Immunological assay in groups II and III revealed significant decreased in NDV titre suggested suppression of humoral immunity but did not alter cell mediated immunity checked with DNCB. Acephate treated groups resulted significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean body weights. Ameliorating groups showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in above parameters as compared to toxic groups.\r\n The present study indicated that Acephate at both the dose rates resulted few changes in hemato-biochemical parameters, Immunosupression and effect on body weights and administration of vitamin E alleviated the Immunosupressive effect, improvement in hemato-biochemical alterations that are effected and body weights by Acephate due to its antioxidant property....
Malaria has a negative impact on health and social and economic life of residents of endemic countries. The ultimate goals of\r\ndesigning new treatment for malaria are to prevent clinical infection, reduce morbidity, and decrease mortality. There are great\r\nadvances in the understanding of the parasite-host interaction through studies by various scientists. In some of these studies,\r\nattempts weremade to evaluate the roles ofmalaria pigment or toxins in the pathogenesis of malaria. Hemozoin is a key metabolite\r\nassociated with severe malaria anemia (SMA), immunosuppression, and cytokine dysfunction. Targeting of this pigment may be\r\nnecessary in the design of new therapeutic products against malaria. In this review, the roles of hemozoin in the morbidity and\r\nmortality of malaria are highlighted as an essential target in the quest for effective control of clinical malaria....
Objective. Depression during pregnancy is a relatively common problem. Since little is known about the teratogenic effects of\r\nconcomitant administration of fluoxetine and olanzapine during the organogenesis period, the aim of the present study was to\r\nevaluate the teratogenic effects of coadministration of fluoxetine and olanzapine on rat fetuses. Method. Forty-two pregnant rats\r\nwere divided into seven groups, randomly. The first group received 0.5mL of normal saline as the control. The second and third\r\ngroups received fluoxetine at doses of 9mg/kg and 18mg/kg, respectively. Olanzapine was injected at 3mg/kg and 6mg/kg to the\r\nfourth and fifth groups, respectively.The sixth group received 9mg/kg fluoxetine and 3mg/kg olanzapine. Finally, the seventh group\r\nwas administrated with fluoxetine and olanzapine at 18mg/kg and 6mg/kg, respectively. Drugs were injected intraperitoneally\r\nbetween day eight and day 15 of the pregnancy.On the 17th day of pregnancy, the fetuses were removed and micro-/macroscopically\r\nstudied. Results. Fetuses of rats receiving high doses of these drugs showed a significant rate of cleft palate development, premature\r\neyelid opening and torsion anomalies, compared to the control group (?? = 0.01). It is concluded that these drugs can lead to\r\nteratogenicity, so their concomitant use during pregnancy should be avoided, or if necessary their doses must be decreased....
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